2026 edition · shelf

    Surveys & tutorials

    Reviews, tutorials and overviews that map a field rather than introduce one idea.

    1. 1
      Language, speech & LLMs1989

      A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition

      Lawrence R. Rabiner · 22,741 citations · OpenAlex

      Editor's note
    2. 2
      Search, retrieval & recommendation2009

      Matrix Factorization Techniques for Recommender Systems

      Yehuda Koren · 11,720 citations · OpenAlex

      Editor's note
    3. 3
      Language, speech & LLMs2012

      Deep Neural Networks for Acoustic Modeling in Speech Recognition: The Shared Views of Four Research Groups

      Geoffrey Hinton · 10,174 citations · OpenAlex

      Editor's note
    4. 4
      Deep learning2015

      Deep learning

      LeCun · 84,105 citations · OpenAlex

      Editor's note
    5. 5
      Machine learning foundations1999

      An Introduction to Variational Methods for Graphical Models

      Michael I. Jordan · 3,664 citations · OpenAlex

      Editor's note
    6. 6
      Search, retrieval & recommendation2005

      Toward the Next Generation of Recommender Systems: A Survey of the State-of-the-Art and Possible Extensions

      Gediminas Adomavicius · 10,327 citations · OpenAlex

    7. 7
      Machine learning foundations2016 · published 2017

      Variational Inference: A Review for Statisticians

      David M. Blei · 6,131 citations · Semantic Scholar

      Editor's note
    8. 8
      AI for science2021

      Physics-informed machine learning

      Karniadakis · 8,699 citations · OpenAlex

      Editor's note
    9. 9
      Machine learning foundations2007 · published 2008

      Graphical Models, Exponential Families, and Variational Inference

      Martin J. Wainwright · 2,992 citations · OpenAlex

      Editor's note
    10. 10
      Reinforcement learning1996

      Reinforcement Learning: A Survey

      Kaelbling · 8,969 citations · OpenAlex

    11. 11
      Computer vision & multimodal2012 · published 2013

      Representation Learning: A Review and New Perspectives

      Yoshua Bengio · 14,430 citations · Papers With Code

      Editor's note
    12. 12
      Graph learning2016 · published 2017

      Geometric deep learning: going beyond Euclidean data

      Bronstein · 3,609 citations · OpenAlex

      Editor's note
    13. 13
      Safety, alignment & interpretability2018 · published 2019

      Explanation in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Social Sciences

      Tim Miller · 5,301 citations · OpenAlex

      Editor's note
    14. 14
      Machine learning foundations2019

      An Introduction to Variational Autoencoders

      Kingma · 3,263 citations · Papers With Code

      Editor's note
    15. 15
      Computer vision & multimodal2009 · published 2010

      A Survey on Transfer Learning

      Sinno Jialin Pan · 23,379 citations · OpenAlex

    16. 16
      Graph learning2007

      A Tutorial on Spectral Clustering

      Ulrike von Luxburg · 10,381 citations · OpenAlex

    17. 17
      Safety, alignment & interpretability2018

      A Survey Of Methods For Explaining Black Box Models

      Riccardo Guidotti · 5,433 citations · Papers With Code

    18. 18
      Safety, alignment & interpretability2019 · published 2021

      A Survey on Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning

      Mehrabi · 6,528 citations · Papers With Code

    19. 19
      Machine learning foundations1998 · published 1999

      A Tutorial on Learning With Bayesian Networks

      Heckerman · 3,651 citations · Semantic Scholar

    20. 20
      AI for science2018 · published 2020

      Graph neural networks: A review of methods and applications

      Zhou · 7,486 citations · Papers With Code

    21. 21
      AI for science2018

      Machine learning for molecular and materials science

      Butler · 4,962 citations · OpenAlex

    22. 22
      Robotics2008 · published 2009

      A survey of robot learning from demonstration

      Brenna D. Argall · 3,228 citations · OpenAlex

    23. 23
      Robotics1996

      A Tutorial on Visual Servo Control

      Seth Hutchinson · 3,542 citations · OpenAlex

    24. 24
      Search, retrieval & recommendation2009

      A Survey of Collaborative Filtering Techniques

      3,624 citations · OpenAlex

    25. 25
      AI for science2023

      Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence

      Wang · 1,813 citations · OpenAlex

    26. 26
      Reinforcement learning2020

      Offline Reinforcement Learning: Tutorial, Review, and Perspectives on Open Problems

      Levine · 2,870 citations · Papers With Code

    27. 27
      Classic AI: search, logic & planning1985

      An overview of the KL-ONE Knowledge Representation System

      Ronald J. Brachman · 2,146 citations · Semantic Scholar

    28. 28
      Safety, alignment & interpretability2008

      Differential Privacy: A Survey of Results

      Dwork · 3,541 citations · OpenAlex

    29. 29
      Machine learning foundations2017 · published 2018

      A Tutorial on Thompson Sampling

      1,292 citations · Papers With Code

    30. 30
      Machine learning foundations1999

      A Unifying Review of Linear Gaussian Models

      Roweis · 873 citations · OpenAlex

    31. 31
      AI for science2019

      Deep learning for molecular design—a review of the state of the art

      Elton · 683 citations · OpenAlex

    32. 32
      Machine learning foundations2007 · published 2008

      A Tutorial on Conformal Prediction

      Glenn Shafer · 1,915 citations · Semantic Scholar

    33. 33
      Machine learning foundations2003

      An Introduction to MCMC for Machine Learning

      2,451 citations · OpenAlex

    34. 34
      AI for science2017

      Deep learning for computational chemistry

      Goh · 809 citations · OpenAlex

    35. 35
      Safety, alignment & interpretability2023

      An Overview of Catastrophic AI Risks

      Hendrycks · 334 citations · Papers With Code

    36. 36
      AI for science2020

      Machine learning for molecular simulation

      Noé · 958 citations · OpenAlex

    37. 37
      AI for science2022

      Graph neural networks for materials science and chemistry

      Reiser · 875 citations · OpenAlex

    38. 38
      AI for science2018

      Deep learning for image-based cancer detection and diagnosis—a survey

      Hu · 509 citations · OpenAlex

    39. 39
      Machine learning foundations2008 · published 2009

      A Tutorial on Particle Filtering and Smoothing: Fifteen years later

      Doucet · 1,433 citations · OpenAlex

    40. 40
      Language, speech & LLMs2018

      A Survey on Recent Advances in Named Entity Recognition from Deep Learning models

      680 citations · Semantic Scholar

    41. 41
      Machine learning foundations2018

      An Introduction to Probabilistic Programming

      234 citations · Semantic Scholar

    42. 42
    43. 43
      Machine learning foundations1999

      Bayesian Model Averaging: A Tutorial

      35 citations · Semantic Scholar

    Data sources

    Catalogue data from OpenAlex (CC0), Crossref (CC0 metadata; no abstracts are shown), arXiv, and Papers With Code (CC BY-SA 4.0), and Semantic Scholar logoSemantic Scholar (used under its non-commercial API licence). Each count names its source. See the method.