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    Machine learning foundations· survey· 1999

    An Introduction to Variational Methods for Graphical Models

    Michael I. Jordan (first author) · 1999

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    DOI 10.1023/a:1007665907178OpenAlex W1516111018

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    Why it matters

    Systematized variational approximations as a general computational alternative to exact probabilistic inference.

    Condensed from the expert lists' notes.

    The record

    First released
    1999 (from OpenAlex)
    Citations
    3,664 citations, as counted by OpenAlex (CC0)
    Named by
    both expert lists

    Editor's notes

    • Classed as survey: Its abstract presents it as a tutorial introduction. (AI draft (Claude), not yet reviewed, 2026-10-29)

    Data sources

    Catalogue data from OpenAlex (CC0), Crossref (CC0 metadata; no abstracts are shown), arXiv, and Papers With Code (CC BY-SA 4.0). Each count names its source. See the method.