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    Language, speech & LLMs· survey· 1989

    A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition

    Lawrence R. Rabiner (first author) · 1989

    Read the original

    DOI 10.1109/5.18626OpenAlex W2125838338

    On the reading lists

    Why it matters

    Definitive HMM reference that codified statistical speech recognition for decades.

    Condensed from the expert lists' notes.

    The record

    First released
    1989 (from OpenAlex)
    Citations
    22,741 citations, as counted by OpenAlex (CC0)
    Named by
    both expert lists
    Also relevant to
    Machine learning foundations

    Editor's notes

    • Classed as survey: A tutorial: the HMM theory it teaches predates it by two decades (Baum and colleagues). (AI draft (Claude), not yet reviewed, 2026-10-29)

    Data sources

    Catalogue data from OpenAlex (CC0), Crossref (CC0 metadata; no abstracts are shown), arXiv, and Papers With Code (CC BY-SA 4.0). Each count names its source. See the method.