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    Classic AI: search, logic & planning· 1976

    Computer science as empirical inquiry: symbols and search

    Allen Newell (first author) · 1976

    Read the original

    DOI 10.1145/360018.360022OpenAlex W1968079292

    On the reading lists

    Why it matters

    Formulated the physical symbol system hypothesis, shaping classical AI's intellectual foundations.

    Condensed from the expert lists' notes.

    The record

    First released
    1976 (from oracle lists)
    Citations
    2,807 citations, as counted by Semantic Scholar logoSemantic Scholar (non-commercial licence)
    Named by
    the chatgpt list only
    Score
    0.460 · computed rank 277 · consensus 0.46, must-read 0.5, citations percentile 0.778 (1970s · classic-ai), awards 0, existing lists 0. Method

    Editor's notes

    • Readability check: pass: Newell and Simon's Turing lecture; the physical symbol system hypothesis. (AI draft (Claude), not yet reviewed, 2026-10-29)

    Data sources

    Catalogue data from OpenAlex (CC0), Crossref (CC0 metadata; no abstracts are shown), arXiv, and Papers With Code (CC BY-SA 4.0), and Semantic Scholar logoSemantic Scholar (used under its non-commercial API licence). Each count names its source. See the method.